Ama-frequency converters asetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yesistimu yokudlulisa isivinini esishintshashintshayo ekukhiqizeni izimboni.Ngenxa yezici zokushintsha amandla wesekethe ye-inverter rectifier, umthwalo ojwayelekile wesistimu we-discrete ukhiqizwa ekushintsheni kwawo ukunikezwa kwamandla.Isiguquli sefrikhwensi sivamise ukusebenza kanyekanye namanye amadivaysi afana namakhompyutha nezinzwa esizeni.Lawa madivayisi afakwe kakhulu eduze futhi angathintana.Ngakho-ke, imishini yamandla kagesi emelwe isiguquli se-frequency ingenye yemithombo ebalulekile ye-harmonic kugridi yamandla omphakathi, futhi ukungcoliswa kwe-harmonic okukhiqizwa amandla e-electronics kuye kwaba isithiyo esikhulu ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe bamandla kagesi ngokwawo.
1.1 Ayini ama-harmonics
Imbangela eyinhloko yama-harmonics ukulayishwa kwesistimu ehlukene.Lapho i-current igeleza phakathi komthwalo, abukho ubudlelwano bomugqa ne-voltage esetshenzisiwe, futhi i-current ngaphandle kwe-sine wave iyageleza, ikhiqize ama-harmonic aphezulu.Amafrikhwensi e-Harmonic ayinani eliphindwe kabili lemvamisa eyisisekelo.Ngokomgomo wokuhlaziya wesazi sezibalo esingumFulentshi u-Fourier (M.Fourier), noma iyiphi i-waveform ephindaphindayo ingahlukaniswa ibe izingxenye zamagagasi e-sine okuhlanganisa imvamisa eyisisekelo nama-harmonic ochungechunge lokuphindaphinda kwamafrikhwensi ayisisekelo.I-Harmonics amagagasi e-sinusoidal, futhi i-waveform ngayinye ye-sinusoidal ngokuvamile ine-frequency ehlukile, i-amplitude, ne-engeli yesigaba.I-Harmonics ingahlukaniswa ngama-harmonics alinganayo futhi angavamile, izinombolo zesithathu, zesihlanu nesikhombisa ziyi-harmonics eziyinqaba, kanti izinombolo zesibili, zeshumi nane, zesithupha nesishiyagalombili ziyi-harmonics.Isibonelo, lapho igagasi eliyisisekelo lingu-50Hz, i-harmonic yesibili ingu-10Hz, kanti eyesithathu i-harmonic ingu-150Hz.Ngokuvamile, ama-harmonics angajwayelekile alimaza kakhulu kunama-harmonics.Esimisweni sesigaba sesithathu esilinganiselwe, ngenxa yokulinganisa, ngisho nama-harmonics asusiwe futhi kukhona ama-harmonics angavamile kuphela.Ngomthwalo wokulungisa wezigaba ezintathu, i-harmonic current i-6n 1 i-harmonic, efana ne-5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, njll. Ukhiye wokuqala othambile ubangela i-harmonic yesi-5 neyesi-7.
1.2 Izindinganiso ezifanele zokulawula i-harmonic
Ukulawulwa kwe-harmonic ye-inverter kufanele kunake lezi zindinganiso ezilandelayo: izindinganiso zokulwa nokuphazamiseka: EN50082-1, -2, EN61800-3: amazinga emisebe: EN5008l-1, -2, EN61800-3.Ikakhulukazi IEC10003, IEC1800-3 (EN61800-3), IEC555 (EN60555) kanye IEEE519-1992.
Izindinganiso ezijwayelekile zokulwa nokuphazamiseka EN50081 kanye ne-EN50082 kanye nezinga le-EN61800 (1ECl800-3) lokuguqulela imvamisa lichaza amazinga emisebe kanye nawokulwa nokuphazamiseka kwezisetshenziswa ezisebenza ezindaweni ezihlukene.Izindinganiso ezishiwo ngenhla zichaza amazinga emisebe amukelekayo ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo ezihlukene: izinga L, akukho mkhawulo wemisebe.Ilungele abasebenzisi abasebenzisa iziqalisi ezithambile endaweni yemvelo engathinteki kanye nabasebenzisi abaxazulula imikhawulo yomthombo wemisebe ngokwabo.Ikilasi h umkhawulo oshiwo yi-EN61800-3, indawo yokuqala: ukusatshalaliswa komkhawulo, indawo yesibili.Njengenketho yesihlungi sefrikhwensi yomsakazo, efakwe isihlungi sefrikhwensi yomsakazo ingenza isiqalisi esithambile sihlangabezane nezinga lezohwebo, elivame ukusetshenziswa endaweni engeyona eyezimboni.
2 Izinyathelo zokulawula i-Harmonic
Izinkinga ze-Harmonic zingalawulwa, ukuphazamiseka kwemisebe kanye nokuphazamiseka kwesistimu yokuphakelwa kwamandla kungacindezelwa, futhi izinyathelo zobuchwepheshe ezifana nokuvikela, ukuhlukaniswa, ukubeka phansi, nokuhlunga kungamukelwa.
(1) Faka isihlungi sokwenziwa noma isihlungi esisebenzayo;
(2) Phakamisa i-transformer, unciphise i-impedance yesici sesekethe, futhi unqamule intambo yamandla;
(3) Sebenzisa isiqalisi esithambile esiluhlaza, akukho ukungcola kwamanje kwe-pulse.
2.1 Ukusebenzisa izihlungi ze-passive noma ezisebenzayo
Izihlungi ze-Passive zifanele ukuguqula isici esivimbela ukushintshwa kwamandla kagesi kumafrikhwensi akhethekile, futhi afanele amasistimu azinzile futhi angashintshi.Izihlungi ezisebenzayo zifanele ukunxephezela imithwalo yesistimu ehlukene.
Izihlungi ze-Passive zifanele izindlela zendabuko.Isihlungi se-passive sivele kuqala ngenxa yesakhiwo saso esilula nesicacile, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwephrojekthi okuphansi, ukuthembeka okuphezulu kokusebenza kanye nezindleko eziphansi zokusebenza.Zihlala ziyindlela eyinhloko yokucindezela ama-pulsed currents.Isihlungi se-LC siyidivayisi yokucindezela ye-harmonic ye-oda ephezulu yendabuko.Kuyinhlanganisela efanele yama-capacitor okuhlunga, ama-reactors nama-resistors, futhi ixhunywe ngokuhambisana nomthombo we-harmonic we-oda eliphezulu.Ngokungeziwe kumsebenzi wokuhlunga, futhi inomsebenzi wesinxephezelo ongavumelekile.Imishini enjalo inezinye izithiyo ezingenakunqotshwa.Ukhiye kulula kakhulu ukulayishwa kakhulu, futhi uzosha uma ulayishwe kakhulu, okuzokwenza ukuthi isici samandla sidlule izinga, isinxephezelo nesijeziso.Ngaphezu kwalokho, izihlungi ze-passive azikho ekulawuleni, ngakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuguqulwa okwengeziwe kwe-embrittlement noma ukulayisha kwenethiwekhi kuzoshintsha i-resonance yochungechunge futhi kunciphise umphumela wokuhlunga.Okubaluleke nakakhulu, isihlungi se-passive singahlunga kuphela ingxenye eyodwa ye-harmonic ye-oda eliphezulu (uma kukhona isihlungi, singahlunga kuphela i-harmonic yesithathu), ukuze kuthi uma i-harmonic frequencies ehlukene ephezulu ihlungwa, izihlungi ezahlukene zingasetshenziswa ukwandisa utshalomali lwemishini.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezihlungi ezisebenzayo emazweni ahlukahlukene emhlabeni, ezingalandelela futhi zinxephezele amaza okushaya kwamafrikhwensi nama-amplitudes ahlukene, futhi izici zesinxephezelo ngeke zithintwe ukuphazanyiswa kwesici segridi yamandla.Ithiyori eyisisekelo yezihlungi zobunjiniyela bamandla asebenzayo yazalwa ngeminyaka yawo-1960, yalandelwa ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obuhlanganisiwe bokulawula okugcwele kwamandla amakhulu, aphakathi nendawo namancane, ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lokulawula ukuguquguquka kobubanzi be-pulse, kanye nama-harmonics asekelwe ithiyori yokulayisha esheshayo yesivinini esisheshayo.Isiphakamiso esicacile sendlela yamanje yokuqapha isivinini esisheshayo siye saholela ekuthuthukisweni okusheshayo kwezihlungi zobunjiniyela bamandla asebenzayo.Umqondo wayo oyisisekelo ukuqapha i-harmonic current evela ekuhlosweni kwesinxephezelo, futhi okokusebenza kwesinxephezelo kwakha ibhande lemvamisa yesinxephezelo samanje enosayizi ofanayo kanye ne-polarity ephambene ne-harmonic current, ukuze isuse ukushaya kwenhliziyo okubangelwa i-pulse current. umthombo womugqa wokuqala, bese wenza okwamanje kwenethiwekhi yamandla Ukunikezwa okuyisisekelo kuphela kufakiwe.Ingxenye eyinhloko i-harmonic wave generator kanye nesistimu yokulawula okuzenzakalelayo, okungukuthi, isebenza ngobuchwepheshe bokucubungula izithombe zedijithali obulawula i-triode ye-insulating layer esheshayo.
Kulesi sigaba, esicini sokulawula ukushaya kwenhliziyo okukhethekile, izihlungi ezisebenzayo nezihlungi ezisebenzayo ziye zavela ngendlela yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihambisanayo nezixubile, zisebenzisa ngokugcwele izinzuzo zezihlungi ezisebenzayo ezifana nesakhiwo esilula nesicacile, ukugcinwa okulula, izindleko eziphansi. , kanye nokusebenza kahle kwesinxephezelo.Isusa iziphambeko zevolumu enkulu kanye nezindleko ezikhuphukile zesihlungi esisebenzayo, futhi ihlanganisa kokubili ndawonye ukwenza yonke isofthiwe yesistimu ithole ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu.
2.2 Yehlisa ukuthinta kweluphu futhi unqamule indlela yolayini wokudlulisela
Imbangela eyinhloko yokukhiqiza i-harmonic ingenxa yokusetshenziswa kwemithwalo engekho emgqeni, ngakho-ke, isisombululo esiyisisekelo ukuhlukanisa imigqa yamandla yemithwalo ekhiqiza i-harmonic emigqeni yamandla yemithwalo ezwelayo ye-harmonic.Amandla amanje ahlanekezelwe akhiqizwa umthwalo ongekho emgqeni akhiqiza ukwehla kwamandla kagesi okuhlanekezelwe ku-impedance yekhebula, futhi i-waveform ye-voltage ehlanekezelwe ehlanganisiwe isetshenziswa kweminye imithwalo exhunywe kulayini ofanayo, lapho kugeleza khona imisinga ephezulu ye-harmonic.Ngakho-ke, izinyathelo zokunciphisa umonakalo wamanje we-pulse zingabuye zigcinwe ngokwandisa indawo ye-cross-sectional yekhebula nokunciphisa i-loop impedance.Njengamanje, izindlela ezifana nokwandisa umthamo we-transformer, ukwandisa indawo yezintambo eziphambanayo, ikakhulukazi ukwandisa indawo yezintambo ezingathathi hlangothi, nokukhetha izingxenye zokuzivikela ezifana nama-breaker circuit kanye nama-fuses asetshenziswa kabanzi e-China.Kodwa-ke, le ndlela ayikwazi ukuqeda ngokuphelele ama-harmonics, kodwa yehlisa izici zokuvikela nemisebenzi, ikhuphule ukutshalwa kwezimali, futhi yandise izingozi ezifihliwe ohlelweni lokuphakelwa kwamandla.Xhuma imithwalo yomugqa kanye nemithwalo engalayini kusuka kumandla afanayo
Amaphoyinti okukhipha (ama-PCC) aqala ukuhlinzeka amandla kumjikelezo ngawodwana, ngakho-ke i-voltage engaphandle kohlaka esuka emithwalweni ehlukene ayikwazi ukudluliselwa kumthwalo womugqa.Lesi yisixazululo esifanelekile senkinga yamanje ye-harmonic.
2.3 Faka amandla e-emerald green inverter ngaphandle kokungcoliswa kwe-harmonic
Izinga lekhwalithi le-inverter eluhlaza ukuthi okokufaka nokuphumayo amaza amagagasi e-sine, isici samandla okufakwayo siyalawuleka, isici samandla singasethwa sibe ngu-1 ngaphansi kwanoma yimuphi umthwalo, futhi imvamisa yokuphumayo yefrikhwensi yamandla ingalawulwa ngokungafanele.Ireactor eyakhelwe ngaphakathi ye-AC yesiguquli sefrikhwensi ingacindezela kahle ama-harmonics futhi ivikele ibhuloho elilungisa kabusha ethonyeni legagasi elingumqansa elisheshayo le-voltage yokuphakelwa kwamandla.Ukuzijwayeza kubonisa ukuthi i-harmonic current ngaphandle kwe-reactor ngokusobala iphakeme kunaleyo ene-reactor.Ukuze kuncishiswe ukuphazamiseka okubangelwa ukungcoliswa kwe-harmonic, isihlungi somsindo sifakwe kumjikelezo wokuphumayo wesiguquli semvamisa.Uma isiguquli sefrikhwensi sivumela, imvamisa yenkampani yenethiwekhi ye-converter frequency iyancishiswa.Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuma-converters anamandla aphezulu, ukulungiswa kwe-12-pulse noma i-18-pulse kuvame ukusetshenziswa, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa okuqukethwe kwe-harmonic ekunikezeni amandla ngokuqeda ama-harmonics aphansi.Isibonelo, ama-pulses angu-12, ama-harmonics aphansi kakhulu yi-harmonics ye-11, ye-13, ye-23, ne-25.Ngokufanayo, kuma-pulses angashadile angu-18, ama-harmonics ambalwa yi-harmonics ye-17 ne-19.
Ubuchwepheshe obuphansi be-harmonic obusetshenziswa kuziqalisi ezithambile bungafingqwa ngale ndlela elandelayo:
(1) Uchungechunge lokuphindaphinda kwemojula yokuhlinzeka amandla kagesi ikhetha i-2 noma cishe amamojula we-inverter axhunyiwe uchungechunge olu-2, futhi iqeda izingxenye ze-harmonic ngokusho kokuqoqwa kwe-waveform.
(2) Umjikelezo wokulungisa uyakhula.Iziqalisi ezithambile zokuguquguquka kobubanzi be-Pulse zisebenzisa i-121-pulse, 18-pulse noma 24-pulse rectifiers ukuze kwehliswe ukushayeka kwamanje.
(3) Ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwamamojula wamandla we-inverter ochungechungeni, ngokusebenzisa amamojula wamandla we-30 we-single-pulse uchungechunge lwe-inverter nokusebenzisa kabusha umjikelezo wamandla, i-pulse current ingancishiswa.
(4) Sebenzisa indlela entsha yokuguqula imvamisa ye-DC, njengokuguquguquka kwedayimane kokusebenza kwevector ye-voltage esebenzayo.Njengamanje, abakhiqizi abaningi be-inverter banamathisela ukubaluleka okukhulu enkingeni ye-harmonic, futhi ngobuchwepheshe baqinisekisa ukutshala kwe-inverter ngesikhathi sokuklama, futhi ngokuyisisekelo baxazulule inkinga ye-harmonic.
3 Isiphetho
Ngokuvamile, singaqonda ngokucacile imbangela yama-harmonics.Ngokusebenza kwangempela, abantu bangakhetha izihlungi ezingenzi lutho kanye nezihlungi ezisebenzayo ukuze banciphise isici se-loop, banqume indlela ehlobene yokudlulisela i-harmonic, bathuthukise futhi basebenzise iziqalo ezithambile eziluhlaza ngaphandle kokungcoliswa kwe-harmonic, futhi baguqule ama-harmonics athambile i-starter ilawulwa ngaphakathi kwebanga elincane.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-13-2023