Kulula kakhulu kubantu ukuqonda amandla asebenzayo, kodwa akulula ukuqonda ngokujulile amandla angasebenzi.Kumjikelezo we-sinusoidal, umqondo wamandla asebenzayo ucacile, kodwa phambi kwama-harmonics, incazelo yamandla asebenzayo ayicacile.Nokho, umqondo wamandla asebenzayo kanye nokubaluleka kwesinxephezelo samandla asebenzayo kuyahambisana.Amandla asebenzayo kufanele afake isinxephezelo samandla asebenzayo ayisisekelo namandla asebenzayo e-harmonic.
Amandla asebenzayo abaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni lokuphakelwa kwamandla kanye nokusebenza kokulayisha.I-impedance yezingxenye zenethiwekhi yesistimu yamandla i-inductive.Ngakho-ke, ukuze kudluliselwe amandla asebenzayo, umehluko wesigaba uyadingeka phakathi komthumeli nomamukeli, ongazuzwa ngebanga elibanzi.Ukuze kudluliswe amandla asebenzayo, kunomehluko wezinombolo phakathi kwama-voltage emikhawulweni yomibili, ongabonakala kuphela phakathi kwebanga elincane.Ngokungeziwe ezingxenyeni eziningi zenethiwekhi ezisebenzisa imithwalo esebenzayo, imithwalo eminingi nayo idinga ukusebenzisa imithwalo esebenzayo.Amandla asebenzayo adingwa izingxenye zenethiwekhi nemithwalo kufanele atholakale ndawana thize kunethiwekhi.Ngokusobala, la mandla asebenzayo wonke ahlinzekwa ngamajeneretha, futhi ezokuthutha ezihamba ibanga elide azinangqondo futhi ngokuvamile akunakwenzeka.Indlela ephusile ukukhiqiza amandla asebenzayo lapho amandla asebenzayo adinga ukusetshenziswa, okuyisinxephezelo samandla asebenzayo.
1. Incazelo yesinxephezelo samandla asebenzayo
Ohlelweni lokusabalalisa amandla, ukuze kuhlolwe ikhwalithi yokuphakelwa kwamandla, ukubaluleka kwesinxephezelo samandla asebenzayo kunalezi zinto ezintathu ezilandelayo:
1. Ukuze kuncishiswe umthamo wemishini yegridi futhi kukhuliswe ukuphuma kwemishini
Ngaphansi kwesimo sokuthi amandla asebenzayo angashintshi, isici samandla segridi yamandla siyakhula futhi amandla asebenzayo nawo ayancipha.Kungabonakala kufomula ethi S-√P2+Q2 ukuthi amandla azokwehla nakanjani.Isibonelo, uma iyunithi yokusetshenziswa kwamandla idinga umthwalo kagesi ongu-200kW, futhi isici samandla singu-0.4, singatholakala ku-COSφ=P/S, S=P/cosφ=500kV.A, okungukuthi, isici samandla i-transformer edinga i-500kV.A ingu-0.8, idinga kuphela ukufaka i-transformer engu-250kV.A.Kungabonakala ukuthi njengoba i-coefficient yamandla ikhula, umthamo wemishini edingekayo ungancishiswa ngokufanele.
2. Ukuthi i-voltage kanye nemvamisa yephoyinti lamandla kuseduze nokungaguquki.
(A) Ukuthi isici samandla sisondele ku-1.
(b) Ohlelweni lwezigaba ezintathu, noma ama-currents esigaba nama-voltage esigaba ayalingana.
Ukusetshenziswa kwesinxephezelo samandla asebenzayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe isici samandla akukwazi nje ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla okubangelwa ukudluliswa kwamanje okusebenzayo, kodwa futhi kuthuthukise ngempumelelo futhi kwandise i-voltage yabasebenzisi bokugcina, futhi kuthuthukise izinga lokusebenza ukonga kwezinto zikagesi.Ngakho-ke, isinxephezelo samandla asebenzayo bekulokhu kuyingxenye ebalulekile yohlelo lokuphakelwa kukagesi nokusabalalisa.
3. Ukuze wonge izindleko zikagesi
Ngokwenqubomgomo yamanje yentela kagesi ezweni lakithi, amakhasimende anevolumu yempahla kagesi engaphezu kuka-100kV.A (kW) azolungisa isikweletu sikagesi, futhi ahlawuliswe uma isikweletu sikagesi singaphansi kwenani elijwayelekile.Isinxephezelo samandla asebenzayo senze ngcono isici samandla, sehlise noma sagwema ukukhuphuka kwezikweletu zikagesi ngenxa yesici samandla aphansi, futhi zongiwe izikweletu zikagesi.
4. Ukuze kuncishiswe izinhlawulo zezinkampani zikagesi
Ngokugcizelela okwandayo ekuvikelweni kwemvelo, izinkampani zikagesi kancane kancane zilawula ngokuqinile ukuchithwa kwamandla ezinkampanini, ngakho izinkampani zikagesi ziye zafaka izinhlawulo ezengeziwe kwezinye izinkampani.Ukuze kuncishiswe inhlawulo yezinkampani zamandla, izinkampani zaqala ukudlulisa ama-capacitor ukunxephezela amandla asebenzayo., Yehlisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.
5. Nweba impilo yesevisi yemishini
Mayelana nezindleko zokukhiqiza, inkampani idinga ukubala izinga lokwehla kwenani lamathuluzi ukuze ibale izindleko zokukhiqiza futhi ekugcineni inqume inzuzo yonyaka yenkampani.Kodwa-ke, imishini eminingi kufanele iyekwe ngenxa yokuguga nokuklebhuka okukhulu kwemishini futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa iminyaka emi-3-5, ingxenye enkulu yayo ngenxa yamandla asebenzayo.Okuphezulu, okuholela ekugugeni kwemishini, ngakho-ke izinkampani eziningi ziqala ukukhokhela ama-capacitor esinxephezelo ukuze andise impilo yesevisi yemishini.
Okwesibili, indima yesinxephezelo samandla asebenzayo
Umsebenzi wekhabhinethi yesinxephezelo samandla asebenzayo uwukunikeza amandla asebenzayo adingekayo ngokuya ngempahla yesinxephezelo samandla asebenzayo ngesinxephezelo samandla asebenzayo.Imvelo yokuphakelwa kwamandla, thuthukisa ikhwalithi yegridi.
Ikhabhinethi yesinxephezelo samandla asebenzayo idlala indima ebalulekile ekunikezeni amandla.Ukusebenzisa idivayisi yesinxephezelo esiphusile kunganciphisa ukulahleka kwegridi yamandla.Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukukhetha nokusetshenziswa okungafanele kungase kubangele izici ezihlukahlukene ezifana nesistimu yokuphakelwa kwamandla, ukushintshashintsha kwamandla kagesi, nokwenyuka kwe-harmonic.
Isinxephezelo samandla asebenzayo siwukusebenzisa umthombo wamanje wangaphandle ukunxephezela amandla asebenzayo asetshenziswe umthwalo phakathi nokusebenza.Idivayisi ehlinzeka ngalo mthombo wamanje iba idivayisi yesinxephezelo samandla esisebenzayo.Idivayisi evamile yesinxephezelo iyi-parallel power capacitor.
1. Thuthukisa uhlelo lokuphakelwa kwamandla kanye nesici samandla okulayisha, unciphise umthamo wezinto zokusebenza, futhi unciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla
2. Ukwenza ngcono izinga lokuhlinzekwa kwamandla kanye nezimo zokusebenza kwemishini kungaqinisekisa ukuthi okokusebenza kusebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokusebenza, ezihambisana nokukhiqizwa okuphephile.
3. Yonga ugesi, yehlise izindleko zokukhiqiza, futhi yehlise nezikweletu zikagesi zebhizinisi.
4. Inganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kalayini futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokudluliswa kwegridi yamandla.
5. Zinzisa i-voltage yendawo yokwamukela kanye negridi yamandla, futhi uthuthukise ikhwalithi yokuphakelwa kwamandla.Isinxephezelo samandla asebenzayo aguqukayo Amandla asebenzayo aguqukayo endaweni efanele yolayini wokudlulisela webanga elide angenza ngcono ukuzinza kwesistimu yokudlulisela futhi andise umthamo wokudlulisela.
6. Endabeni yemithwalo engalingani yezigaba ezintathu efana nezitimela ezifakelwe ugesi, imithwalo esebenzayo nengasebenzi kahle yezigaba ezintathu ingalinganiswa ngesinxephezelo esingasebenzi esifanelekile.
3. Umgomo wesinxephezelo samandla asebenzayo
Xhuma idivayisi enomthwalo we-capacitive kagesi kanye nomthwalo kagesi ongenisayo kusekethe efanayo, umthwalo we-inductive udonsa amandla lapho umthwalo we-capacitive ukhipha amandla, kanye nomthwalo we-capacitive udonsa amandla lapho umthwalo we-inductive ukhulula amandla, futhi amandla abiwa phakathi imithwalo emibili ishintshana phakathi.Ngale ndlela, isimiso sesinxephezelo esisebenzayo siwukuthi amandla asebenzayo amuncwa umthwalo wokungenisa inductive anxeshezelwa ngokukhipha amandla asebenzayo ngomthwalo we-capacitive.
Ohlelweni lwangempela lwamandla, imithwalo eminingi ingamamotho asynchronous, futhi isekethe efanayo yemishini kagesi eminingi ehlanganisa ama-asynchronous motors ingathathwa njengesekethe lapho ukumelana no-r kanye ne-inductance l kuxhunywe khona ochungechungeni, futhi isici samandla salo
Kufomula
Ngemva kokuxhuma ama-circuits e-R no-L ngokuhambisana bese uwaxhuma ku-capacitor C, isifunda siboniswa kuMfanekiso (a) ngezansi.Isibalo samanje sale sekethi sithi:
Kungabonakala kumdwebo we-phasor emfanekisweni ongezansi ukuthi umehluko wesigaba phakathi kwe-voltage U kanye ne-current I iba mncane ngemva kokuba i-capacitor ixhunywe ngokuhambisana, okungukuthi, isici samandla wesifunda sokunikezwa kwamandla siyakhula.Ngalesi sikhathi, isigaba se-supply current I sisalele ngemuva kwe-voltage U, ebizwa ngokuthi i-undercompensation.
Isekhethi kanye nomdwebo wephasor wamandla asebenzayo esinxephezelo se-parallel capacitance esithombeni
(a) amasekhethi;
(b) Umdwebo we-Phasor (unxeshezelwe kancane);
(c) Umdwebo we-Phasor (i-overcompensation)
I-capacitance ye-capacitor c inkulu kakhulu, futhi isigaba se-feed current I sidlula i-voltage u, ebizwa ngokuthi i-overcompensation, futhi umdwebo wayo we-phasor uboniswa ku-Figure (c).Ngokuvamile, isimo sokunxeshezelwa ngokweqile okungafuneki sizokwenza ukuthi i-voltage yesibili ye-transformer inyuke, futhi amandla asebenzayo e-capacitive azokhuphula ukulahleka kwamandla njengolayini wamandla okudlulisela.Lapho i-voltage yomugqa wamandla ikhuphuka, ukulahlekelwa kwamandla kwe-capacitor ngokwayo kuzokwanda, futhi ukuphakama kwezinga lokushisa kuzokwanda., izothinta impilo ye-capacitor.
4. Kungani kudingeka sandise isinxephezelo samandla asebenzayo, futhi kuba namuphi umphumela?
Inani lesinxephezelo samandla asebenzayo liyakhula endaweni ethile kugridi yamandla, futhi ukugeleza kwamandla asebenzayo azo zonke izintambo ezixhumayo nama-transformer ukusuka kuleli phuzu kuya ekunikezeni amandla kuncipha, futhi ukulahlekelwa kwamandla okuxhunywe kuleli phuzu kuyehla, ngokubona ukonga amandla kanye ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi yamandla.
Isinxephezelo samandla asebenzayo sidinga isinxephezelo esimaphakathi sokulingana kwezomnotho okungavumelekile.Khetha iphoyinti lesinxephezelo namandla esinxephezelo.Ngokusebenzisa amandla kagesi, amakhasimende angakwazi ukwenza isinxephezelo samandla asebenzayo ngokuhambisana nesimiso sokuthuthukisa isici samandla.Ukusatshalaliswa kwesinxephezelo kuqala kucabangela izimfuneko zokulawulwa kwamandla kagesi ukwenza okungavumelekile ukudluliswa kwebanga elide kungavumelekile.Isinxephezelo Ukumiswa kwezinto zokusebenza kuhlelwa ngokomgomo “wezinga lesinxephezelo, ibhalansi yendawo” ukuze kubonakale ukuthi kunemithwalo engavumelekile.
Isinxephezelo samandla asebenzayo ngokuvamile asifuni ukukhokha ngokweqile, ngoba sizokwandisa i-voltage yesibili ye-transformer, futhi umthamo wokudluliswa kwamandla asebenzayo kulayini kagesi nawo uzokwandisa ukulahlekelwa kwamandla, okungukuthi, imishini yokuphakela amandla ihlehlisa amandla asebenzayo. igridi.Lesi simo sibangelwa kakhulu amandla asebenzayo egridi yamandla.I-overvoltage ebangelwa ukweqisa ingase ibangele ukulimala kwe-overvoltage kugridi, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukufaka i-reactor ukuze imunce amandla asebenzayo.Ohlelweni lwamandla, uma lungalingani, i-voltage yesistimu izokwehla, futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, okokusebenza kuzolimala futhi uhlelo luzokhishwa izikhali.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukwehla kwesici samandla enethiwekhi kanye ne-voltage kuholela ekungakwazini ukusetshenziswa okuphelele kwezinto zikagesi, ukwehla kwamandla okudlulisa inethiwekhi, kanye nokwanda kokulahlekelwa.Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza ngcono ikhwalithi ye-voltage esebenzayo, ukuthuthukisa isici samandla, ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwesistimu, nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kohlelo lokuphakela amandla.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-13-2023